Air travelers read on!

Have you ever been on a bumpy airline flight? Me too! 

Most airlines serve hot drinks on the plane despite possible unexpected turbulence. With only a little notice, they often don't have time to collect hot drinks, and although they could, do not offer cup covers.

The reasons I have heard relate to the expense of the lids, additional time taken by the flight attendants, the lid keeping the coffee hot for too long, and plastic waste - all issues that could easily be addressed easily if there was a true safety concern by airline management. My experience speaking up led me to the conclusion that lids are not likely to be provided for hot drink cups anytime now or later in the foreseeable future. 

As an experienced flyer and a coffee drinker, I have seen it all. The memory most ingrained in my mind happened on a smaller plane where seats were directly opposite each other in the front of the plane.  Drinks had been served prior to the turbulence. Upon the turbulence, as you would see in an arching water fountain, the hot drink contents perfectly launched from the cup and landed on the opposing person's seat in perfect synchrony. Screams, scalding, spontaneous inappropriate laughter at the situation resulted as well as stained, wet laps, at best, uncomfortable for the remainder of the flight. 

Personally, I have decided to take the issue into my own hands by being prepared and carrying an accessible standard 8-ounce cup lid with me when flying. Lids can easily be obtained for free on the way to the plane at any food area near the gate or by purchasing one in advance for pennies. You could also go all out and purchase a silicone reusable lid - a great fun gift for frequent fliers who love coffee and tea.  I also chose not to bring my own cup with a lid for convenience reasons and only take a light disposable lid that fits all 8 oz. cups. 

I realize spilled hot drinks on your lap when flying hasn't happened to everyone but if you've been through it, it's not something you want to happen again. And even if you are not a hot drink lover, you never know if others in the seats next to you are. Just saying.

 

Have you lost your senses? Don't let anyone call you crazy!

Losing your sense of smell has been one of the tell-tale symptoms of COVID-19. 

When you lose your sense of smell, it will impact your sense of taste as well because the two are closely interconnected, Before and after you put food in your mouth to taste it, we smell a food to see if it is pleasing and safe to consume. When we put food in our mouth and it touches our tongue we have taste buds to recognize a food but also the food's chemical component can be volatile (that is droplets of vapor reach the back of the mouth connected to your nasal passages (so these components of the flavor are inhaled). Together - taste and aroma send signals to your brain. That is how we know and recognize flavors in our memory. 

Most of us will recognize the scent of a rose and the taste of our favorite food and our brain is happy to receive these common aromas and tastes. Scents and tastes we recognize from childhood associated with love or play often comfort and calm us. 

Other aromas and taste trigger warnings  - there is too much salt or that grapefruit too bitter. As your body works constantly to maintain internal balance for your survival if it gets too little or too much of what it needs it lets you know. Normally you just have to listen unless something either disrupts the systems or the body believes that it must acclimate as best as possible to survive with what it has to work within a given environment.  Sometimes we recognize that acclimation is something we should consider for our long-term health.

Back to COVID-19 which disrupts this system when it enters nasal passages. 

That is because our senses are designed to maintain our health sending signals to our brain about what will nourish us in the right amounts. If we are listening to our senses carefully, we will know what we need to survive and thrive at the most basic level of our existence. 

Viruses spread by interfering with our basic systems hopefully only in the short term disrupting our body intelligence long enough to spread to others. In the process, our interaction with a virus may result in some damage as our body tries to fight off the intruder - in a sense an internal war.  

We are all equal in nature over the long term. All life survives to procreate and be useful to its species.  With time we may be able to defend our bodies from the intruder or in the case of some viruses, learn to adapt and co-exist with them. That is until we are run down, stressed or, other infected. The virus needs us to live for it to survive and spread so its objective is not to kill us. Some viruses, such as Epstein Barr, live in our body for the long term and are quiet until they feel threatened and then viral symptoms appear. 

In most cases, our senses are not lost forever because once we recover from the virus, in the most recent case of COVID, our detection is no longer under attack and our sensory cues can be repaired naturally. We can assist or speed up this repair with sensory stimulation. 

If you need to get your senses back again, send an email with I WANT MY SENSES BACK in the subject to mindy@foodfitter.com to learn about my short program. 

The Anatomy of a Latte

I just wanted to make a wonderful latte at home without an espresso machine. I don't have a great deal of space on my kitchen counter it seemed like it would be simple enough. 

Yet, with a whisk in hand, and after several efforts based on instructions from the barista and internet searches, the resultant foam poured over the coffee didn't look or taste quite as I had hoped for. 

I tried 2% low-fat milk and 4% full-fat milk first and the foam was - well cold foam not frothy and rich.

Then I tried heating the milk before frothing with no better result and then making the whole drink and putting the finished drink in the microwave to heat.   Still not good at all. 

Trained as a food scientist, I thought now I need to use my knowledge to solve this dilemma. My mind recalled an interview I had at a leading food manufacturer. I was asked only one question - tell me everything you know about milk.  

Actually, there is quite a lot to know about milk, and yes, I was offered the job. But to be brief for this purpose I'll share only the pertinent highlights you need to know to create my perfect froth at home with or without fancy equipment. 

Milk contains the three major macronutrients - about 4% each for this example: 1) protein (casein or curds when heated and whey), 2) carbohydrates (lactose which is milk sugar - the lactose intolerant are far too aware of this) and, 3) fat, of which roughly 65% is saturated (solid at room temperature).  The remainder of the milk is simply water - 88%. 

All three macronutrients contribute to my perfect froth.

The process of creating the froth I love works best with whole milk containing the most fat and therefore the most saturated fat, the component of milk fat that is most solid at room temperature. The colder the milk the more solid the fat is. I am using homogenized milk which means the components of the milk are mixed under pressure to make smaller fat particles which help to strengthen the natural emulsion of the milk improving mouthfeel, taste and, shelflife of the milk. Most of us know that fat/oil and water do not naturally mix. That is where the protein casein comes in because it is a natural emulsifier. 

We start with cold milk when making froth because it is easier to whip air into a solid structure. We are trying to incorporate fine air bubbles into the milk and develop a stable structure to support the froth. The process of steaming while whisking results in vaporized air and water above the surface of the liquid incorporating air into the milk.   

To maintain the structure's stability, the protein in the milk needs to be heated slowly so that the casein protein component can separate from the whey protein component. The casein will coagulate as it is mixed with the milk fat while being aerated and heated. Froth containing the aerated saturated fat structure creates a more stable foam with a rich mouthfeel. 

The other key component for success is to note that the milk is whisked while it's being gradually heated to approximately 70 degrees. We want the foam to be warm, not only for enjoyment but also because the foam and the coffee that we drink at approximately 175 degrees are closer in temperature when combined. This is important because when the froth-containing fat in the foam hits the coffee the fat doesn't immediately turn to liquid fat due to the temperature differential and rather melts on your tongue at approximately 98.6 degrees - body temperature as the warmer coffee and the foam combine in your mouth. 

I am thrilled with the outcome of my froth and look forward to my morning lattes now. But why stop there? I enjoyed hot chocolate drinks with high-quality cocoa in the evenings over the holidays and with egg nog (eggs are high in protein and froth well with milk). I sprinkled a coffee latte with cinnamon or added a splash of schnapps or other alcohol as an after-dinner drink.  

If you don't want to use whole milk for one of many dietary reasons, based on individual preferences for taste, health, personal values, and/or lifestyle and you want to adapt your frothing method for ingredients you love, let me know in the comments below. 

Or contact me at mindy@foodfitter.com for more help to solve any sourcing, shopping, and kitchen challenges based on the science of food. Let's have fun with food, entertain yourself and others with new skills, and become more comfortable creating food that you design.